Which amendment guarantees freedom of speech, press, peaceful assembly, and religion?

The First Amendment of the United States Constitution is fundamental to American democracy as it safeguards several essential freedoms, including the freedom of speech, freedom of the press, the right to assemble peacefully, and the free exercise of religion. This amendment is a cornerstone of individual rights and protects citizens from government infringement on their ability to express themselves, access information, and gather together for social, political, or religious purposes.

The significance of the First Amendment lies in its establishment of a free exchange of ideas, which is essential for a functioning democracy. By protecting these rights, the amendment ensures that individuals can voice dissent, share differing opinions, and engage in civic discourse without fear of government retaliation.

Other amendments, while also important, cover different rights and liberties. The Second Amendment focuses on the right to bear arms, the Fifth Amendment addresses rights related to legal proceedings and protections against self-incrimination, and the Fourth Amendment deals with protection against unreasonable searches and seizures. Hence, the First Amendment distinctly encapsulates the guarantees surrounding freedom of expression and assembly, making it the appropriate answer to the question.